Computer Graphics

Course Title: Computer Graphics

Course No: BIT304

Nature of the Course: Theory + Lab

Semester: 5

Full Marks: 60 + 20 + 20

Pass Marks: 24 + 8 + 8

Credit Hours: 3

Course Description

This course covers the basic concepts of Computer Graphics, various algorithms for basic graphics primitives, 2-D geometric transformations on graphical objects, various Clipping algorithms on graphical objects, 3-D geometric transformations, curve representation techniques and projections methods, object surface modeling, visible surface detection, application of illumination and rendering algorithms, virtual reality and animation technique along with basic concept of Open GL.

Course Objectives

The main objective of this course is to equip students with the fundamental knowledge and basic technical competence in the field of Computer Graphics, to emphasize on implementation aspect of Computer Graphics Algorithms and to prepare the student for advance areas and professional avenues in the field of Computer Graphics.

Course Contents

1. Introduction and Overview of Graphics System

3 hrs

1.1. Definition and Representative uses of Computer Graphics

1.2. Computer Graphics vs. Image Processing

1.3. Application Areas

1.4. Overview of Coordinate System

1.5. Definition of Scan Conversion, Rasterization and Rendering

1.6. Raster Scan & Random Scan Displays

1.7. Architecture of Raster Graphics System with Display Processor

1.8. Architecture of Random Scan Systems

2. Output Primitives

6 hrs

2.1. Scan conversions of point, line, circle and ellipse

DDA algorithm for line drawing

Bresenham algorithm for line drawing

Midpoint algorithm for circle

Midpoint algorithm for ellipse drawing (Mathematical derivation for above algorithms is expected)

2.2. Filled Area Primitive

Scan line Polygon Fill algorithm

Inside outside tests

Boundary Fill and Flood fill algorithm

3. Two Dimensional Geometric Transformations

3 hrs

3.1. Basic transformations: Translation, Scaling, Rotation

3.2. Matrix representation and Homogeneous Coordinates

3.3. Composite transformation

3.4. Other transformations: Reflection and Shear

4. Two-Dimensional Viewing and Clipping

3 hrs

4.1. Viewing transformation pipeline and Window to Viewport coordinate transformation

4.2. Clipping operations

Point clipping

Line clipping algorithms: Cohen-Sutherland, Liang-Barsky

Polygon Clipping Algorithms: Sutherland Hodgeman

5. Three-Dimensional Graphics

6 hrs

5.1. 3D Transformations

Translation, Rotation, Scaling, Reflection and Shear

Composite transformations: Rotation about an arbitrary axis

5.2. Projections: Parallel, Perspective (Matrix Representation)

6. Three-Dimensional Object Representation and Curve Modeling

6 hrs

6.1. Boundary Surface Representation Vs Space Partitioning Representation

6.2. Polygon Surface Representation: Polygon Table and Polygon Meshes

6.3. Wireframe and Sweep Representation

6.4. Octree Representation

6.5. Bezier Curve

6.6. B-Spline Curve

6.7. Fractal-Geometry

Fractal Dimension

Koch Curve

7. Visible Surface Detection

6 hrs

7.1. Image Space and Object Space techniques

7.2. Back Face Detection

7.3. Z-Buffer

7.4. A-Buffer

7.5. Scan-Line method

7.6. Painter's Algorithms

7.7. Area Subdivision method

8. Illumination and Surface Rendering methods

6 hrs

8.1. Introduction

8.2. Ambient, Diffuse and Specular reflections illumination Model

8.3. Constant, Gouraud and Phong shading models

9. Virtual Reality and Animation

3 hrs

9.1. Virtual Reality

Concept of Virtual Reality

Components of VR System

Types of VR System

3D position Tracker

Navigation and Manipulation Interface

Application of VR

9.2. Animation

Introduction to Animation

Traditional Animation Techniques

Principles of Animation

Key framing: Character and Facial Animation

Deformation

Motion capture

10. Introduction to Open GL

2 hrs

10.1. Introduction to OpenGL

10.2. Callback Functions

10.3. Color Commands

10.4. Drawing Pixels, Lines, and Polygons using OpenGL

10.5. Viewing

10.6. Lighting

Laboratory Works

Scan conversions: lines, circles, ellipse, filling algorithms, clipping algorithms, 2D and 3D transformation, Curves, Visible surface determination, Simple animations, Application of these through exercises using appropriate programming languages.

1.Implement DDA Line Drawing algorithm
2.Implement Bresenham's Line algorithm
3.Implement midpoint Circle algorithm
4.Implement midpoint Ellipse algorithm
5.Implement Area Filling Algorithm: Boundary Fill, Flood Fill
6.Implement Scan line Polygon Filling algorithm
7.Implement 2D Transformations
8.Implement Line Clipping Algorithm: Cohen Sutherland / Liang Barsky
9.Implement 3D transformation
10.Implement Curve: Bezier for n control points, B Spline
11.Perform Animation

Reference Books

1.Hearn & Baker, "Computer Graphics C version", 2nd Edition, Pearson Publication
2.James D. Foley, Andries van Dam, Steven K Feiner, John F. Hughes, "Computer Graphics Principles and Practice in C", 2nd Edition, Pearson Publication
3.D. Rogers, "Procedural Elements for Computer Graphics", Tata McGraw-Hill Publications
4.Zhigang Xiang, Roy Plastock, "Computer Graphics", Schaum's Outlines McGraw-Hill Education
5.Rajesh K. Maurya, "Computer Graphics", Wiley India Publication
6.F. S. Hill, "Computer Graphics using OpenGL", Third edition, Pearson Publications

Notes:

This syllabus follows the official BIT curriculum of Tribhuvan University. In case of any doubt or revision, the university’s published syllabus shall be considered authoritative.

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