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Operations Research

Operations Research (OR) is an analytical method of problem-solving and decision-making that is useful in the management of organizations. In operations research, problems are broken down into basic components and then solved in defined steps by mathematical analysis.

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TabFlux . Operational Research . TU . BCA-OLD

Operational Research

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Course Title: Operational Research

Course No: CAOR451

Nature of the Course: THEORY

Semester: 8

Full Marks: 40 + 60

Pass Marks: 20 + 24

Credit Hours: 3

Course Description

Course Objectives

Course Contents

1. Introduction to Operations Research

5 hrs

1.1. Introduction

1.2. History of Operations Research

1.3. Stages of Development of Operations Research

1.4. Relationship between Manager and OR Specialist

1.5. OR Tools and Techniques

1.6. Applications of Operations Research

1.7. Limitations of Operations Research

2. Linear Programming Problem

10 hrs

2.1. Introduction to Linear Programming

2.2. Linear Programming Problem Formulation

2.3. Formulation with Different Types of Constraints

2.4. Graphical Analysis of Linear Programming

2.5. Graphical Linear Programming Solution

2.6. Multiple Optimal Solutions

2.7. Unbounded Solution

2.8. Infeasible Solution

2.9. Basics of Simplex Method

2.10. Simplex Method Computation

2.11. Simplex Method with More Than Two Variables

2.12. Primal and Dual Problems

2.13. Economic Interpretation

3. Transportation and Assignment Problem

8 hrs

3.1. Transportation Problems definition, linear form, Solution methods: North West corner method, least cost method, Vogel's approximation method

3.2. Degeneracy in transportation

3.3. Modified Distribution method

3.4. Unbalanced problems and profit maximization problems

3.5. Transshipment Problems

3.6. Assignment Problem Structure and Solution: Short-Cut Method (Hungarian Method)

3.7. Unbalanced Assignment Problem

3.8. Infeasible Assignment Problem

3.9. Maximization in an Assignment Problem

3.10. Crew Assignment Problem

4. Queuing Theory

6 hrs

4.1. Basis of Queuing theory

4.2. Elements of queuing theory

4.3. Kendall's Notation

4.4. Operating characteristics of a queuing system

4.5. Classification of Queuing models

5. Inventory Control

6 hrs

5.1. Inventory classification

5.2. Different cost associated to Inventory

5.3. Economic order quantity

5.4. Inventory models with deterministic demands

5.5. ABC analysis

6. Replacement theory

6 hrs

6.1. Introduction

6.2. Replacement of capital equipment which depreciated with time

6.3. Replacement by alternative equipment

6.4. Group and individual replacement policy

7 hrs

7.1. Introduction

7.2. Characteristics of Game Theory

7.3. Two Person, Zero sum games

7.4. Pure strategy. Dominance theory

7.5. Mixed strategies (2x2, mx2)

7.6. Algebraic and graphical methods

Reference Books

1.Hillier, F.S.& Lieberman, G.J. (1995). Introduction to Operations Research, 7th edition. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
2.Natarajan, A. M.; Balasubramani, P. & Tamilarasi, A. (2007). Operations Research. Pearson Education Inc.
3.Sharma, J.K. (2009). Operational Research: Theory and Application. Macmillan Publishers India Ltd.
4.Taha, H.A. (2017). Operations Research: A Introduction, 10th edition, Global edition, Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall.
5.Wagner, H. N. (2003). Operations Research by, Prentice hall. N D Vohra, Tata McGraw-Hill.
6.Winston, L.W. (2004). Operations Research: Applications and Algorithms, Indian University, 4th edition.

Notes:

Source:

Operations Research is the scientific method of solving decision-making problems using mathematical models. It helps organizations make the best use of resources and improve complex systems. The course covers techniques such as linear programming, transportation, assignment, inventory control, replacement theory, and game theory. It also uses analytical methods and computer software to solve real-world business problems efficiently.

The general objectives of this course to provide a broad orientation of the field of optimization, with emphasis on basic theory and methods for continuous and discrete optimization problems in finite dimension, and it also gives some insight into its use for analyzing practical optimization problems.

This syllabus follows the official BSC-CSIT curriculum of Tribhuvan University. In case of any doubt or revision, the university's published syllabus shall be considered authoritative.