Operating Systems

Course Title: Operating Systems

Course No: CMP 381

Nature of the Course: Theory + Lab

Semester: 5

Full Marks: 50 + 30 + 20

Pass Marks: 24 + 13 + 8

Credit Hours: 3

Course Description

The students will become familiar with the basics of operating systems and the feature controlling of modern operating system. The course contains Introduction to Operating System, process and Threads, Memory Management, Mass‐storage structure & I/O systems, File System Interface and Case Studies of Unix, Linux, Windows, DOS, Amoeba Operating System.

Course Objectives

The objective of the course is to provide basic concepts and interface of operating systems, to get familiarize with features and different functions of modern operating systems.

Course Contents

1. Unit I: Introductions

7 hrs

1.1. Concept and function of operating systems

1.2. History and evolution of operating systems

1.3. Types of Operating Systems

Batch, Time-Sharing, Personal Computer, Parallel, Real-Time, Distributed Systems

1.4. Operating System services

System calls, Shell commands, Shell programming

1.5. Operating System Structure

Monolithic System, Layered, Virtual Machines, Client-Server

1.6. Kernel: Architecture and Types of Kernel

2. Unit II: Process and Threads Management and Scheduling

8 hrs

2.1. Processes

Definition, states diagram, PCB, Context switching

Operations on Processes, Cooperating Processes, IPC

2.2. Threads

Overview, Benefits, User/Kernel Threads, Multithreading Models

2.3. Process Synchronization

Concurrent process, Critical region, Race condition

Mutual exclusion algorithms: Locks, TSL, Peterson’s

Semaphore, Monitor, Process Synchronization

Classical problems: Readers-Writers, Producer-Consumer

Sleeping Barber, Dining Philosopher Problems

2.4. Processor Scheduling

Concepts, Scheduling Criteria, Scheduler Types

Algorithms: FCFS, SJF, SRTF, RR, Priority, HRN, Multi-level

3. Unit III: Deadlock

3 hrs

3.1. Deadlock Concepts and Modeling

System Model, Resources, Resource Allocation Graph

3.2. Deadlock Handling

Prevention, Avoidance, Ostrich Algorithm, Banker’s Algorithm

Deadlock Detection and Recovery

4. Unit IV: Memory Management

10 hrs

4.1. Memory: Concepts and its hierarchy

Address: Logical and Physical, Swapping, Free Space Management

Allocation: Contiguous, Paging, Segmentation

4.2. Virtual Memory

Concept, Demand Paging, Thrashing

Page Replacement: FIFO, LRU, Second Chance, Clock, Optimal

5. Unit V: Input/output Management

6 hrs

5.1. Introduction, I/O Techniques

Programmed I/O, Interrupt-driven I/O, DMA

I/O Software: Goals, Polled vs Interrupt Driven, UI, Drivers

5.2. Disk Scheduling

Algorithms: FCFS, SSTF, Scan, C-Scan, Look, C-Look

6. Unit VI: File Systems

5 hrs

6.1. File Concepts

Descriptor, Naming, Structure, Types, Attributes, Access

6.2. Directories Management

Single-level, Hierarchical Systems, Directory operations

6.3. Methods of Allocation (Contiguous, Linked list, I-node)

7. Unit VII: Distributed Operating System

5 hrs

7.1. Introduction to Distributed Systems

Characteristics, Advantages, Challenges, Design Goals, Types

7.2. Process Management in Distributed Systems

Migration, Communication, RPC, Message Passing, Scheduling

7.3. Resource and File Management

Sharing, Allocation, DFS Concepts, Architecture, Naming

7.4. Synchronization and Deadlock

Clock Sync, Distributed Mutual Exclusion, Deadlock Detection

7.5. Fault Tolerance and Recovery Mechanisms

Two-Phase Commit, Security Issues

8. Unit VIII: Case Study

4 hrs

8.1. Linux

Design Principles, IPC, Security, Process/File Management

8.2. Windows

Design principles, Programmer interface, System components

Laboratory Works

Different lab works related to normal OS in Windows, and Linux OS.

Text Books

1.Silberschatz A, G. P., & Gagne, G. Operating System Concepts. New York: John Wiley and Sons.

Reference Books

1.Tanenbaum, A. S. Modern Operating Systems. New Delhi: Prentice Hall of India.
2.William, S. Operating Systems. Delhi: Pearson Education.

Notes:

This syllabus follows the official BCSIT curriculum of Pokhara University. In case of any doubt or revision, the university’s published syllabus shall be considered authoritative.

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