Instrumentation

Course Title: Instrumentation

Course No: ENEX 252

Nature of the Course: Theory + Lab

Semester: 4

Full Marks: 40 + 60 + 25

Pass Marks: 16 + 24 + 10

Credit Hours: 4

Course Description

Instrumentation provides comprehensive understanding of methods and instruments for a wide range of measurement problems used in instrumentation systems. It covers transducers, microprocessor and microcontroller interfacing, connectivity technologies, circuit design, software for instrumentation, electrical equipment, IoT trends, and applications of modern instrumentation systems.

Course Objectives

The objective of this course is to provide comprehensive understanding on methods and instrument for a wide range of measurement problems used in instrumentation system. It also covers application of transducers in the microprocessor, microcontroller and their interfacing to design instrumentation system.

Course Contents

1. Introduction

2 hrs4 marks

1.1. Analog and digital instrument: Definition, block diagram, characteristics

1.2. Microprocessor-based systems: Open vs closed loop, benefits, features and applications in instrumentation design

1.3. Microcomputer on instrumentation design

2. Theory of Measurement

6 hrs5 marks

2.1. Static performance parameters: Accuracy, precision, sensitivity, resolution and linearity

2.2. Dynamic performance parameters: Response time, frequency response and bandwidth

2.3. Error in measurement

2.4. Statistical analysis of error in measurement

2.5. Measurement of resistance (Low, medium and high)

2.6. DC / AC bridge (Wheatstone bridge, Maxwell's bridge, Schering bridge)

3. Transducer

8 hrs6 marks

3.1. Transducer, workflow of a transducer in typical system, transducer classification

3.2. Sensor and its working principle (Resistive, capacitive and piezoelectric), generation of sensor, classification of sensor (Analog sensor, digital sensor)

3.3. Types of sensors (Electrical sensor, chemical sensor, biological sensor, acoustic sensor, optical sensor and other motion sensor), characteristic of sensors

3.4. Actuator, classification of actuators (Hydraulic, pneumatic, electric and mechanical), characteristic of actuator

4. Interfacing of Instrumentation System

14 hrs12 marks

4.1. Microprocessor and microcontroller and their selection criteria, and applications

4.2. The PPI 8255 and interfacing of peripherals (LED, 7 segment, dip switch, 8-bit ADC, 8/10-bit DAC using mode 0 and mode1) with 8085 microprocessor

4.3. Microcontrollers (Atmega328, STM32): Architecture, pin configuration, and their application

4.4. Sensor/Actuator interfacing with Atmega328P (Arduino): Analog and digital sensors, implementation of communication protocols, interrupt based interfacing

5. Connectivity Technology in Instrumentation System

6 hrs6 marks

5.1. Wired and wireless communication system

5.2. Wired connectivity: UART, I2C, SPI, CAN

5.3. Wireless sensor network and its technology

5.4. RF modem, Bluetooth, WI-FI, NFC, ZIGBEE and LORA

5.5. Thermal management: Heat dissipation technique, heat sink

5.6. Data acquisition system (Data loggers, data archiving and storage), cloud based data acquisition system

6. Circuit Design

4 hrs4 marks

6.1. Converting requirement into design, reliability and fault tolerance

6.2. High-speed design: Bandwidth, decoupling, crosstalk, impedance matching

6.3. PCB design: Component placement, trace routing, signal integrity, and ground loops

6.4. Noise and noise coupling mechanism, noise prevention, filtering, ferrite beads, decoupling capacitors, and ESD & its prevention

7. Software for Instrumentation Application

6 hrs6 marks

7.1. Overview of software engineering

7.2. Types of software

7.3. Software development life cycle (SDLC), software process models (Waterfall model, prototype model, incremental model, agile model)

7.4. Software reliability vs hardware reliability

7.5. Software bugs, software testing, different levels of testing

8. Electrical Equipment

6 hrs6 marks

8.1. Voltmeter and ammeter: Types and working principle

8.2. Energy meter: Types and working principle

8.3. Frequency meter: Types and working principle

8.4. Wattmeter: Types and working principle

9. Latest Trends

3 hrs5 marks

9.1. Internet of things (IoT): Simple architecture, characteristics, advantages

9.2. Smart sensors

9.3. Important of cloud computing in instrumentation system

9.4. Instrumentation in industry 4.0/5.0

10. Application of Modern Instrumentation System

5 hrs6 marks

10.1. Instrumentation for power station including all electrical and non-electrical parameters

10.2. Instrumentation for wire and cable manufacturing and bottling plant

10.3. Instrumentations for a beverage manufacturing and bottling plant

10.4. Instrumentations required for a biomedical application such as a medical clinic or hospital

10.5. Instrumentation system design using a processor (Microprocessor, microcontroller or others)

Laboratory Works

Practical sessions of 22.5 hours covering measurement and accuracy testing, LabVIEW/Proteus/MATLAB modeling, resistive/capacitive/inductive transducers, assembly programming with 8085 and 8255, LED and seven segment display interfacing, motor interfacing, and ADC and DAC interfacing.

1.Measurement and Accuracy Testing: Analog and Digital Meters
2.Use of LabVIEW, Proteus, MATLAB or Others for Modeling Instrumentation Systems
3.Use of Resistive, Capacitive and Inductive Transducers / Sensors / Actuators
4.Review of Assembly Programming and Simple I/O Interfacing with 8085 and 8255
5.Interfacing of LEDs, Seven Segment Display and Motors
6.Interfacing of ADC and DAC

Reference Books

1.Hall, D. V., (1999). Microprocessor and Interfacing, Programming and Hardware. Tata McGraw Hill.
2.Goankar, R. S., (2000). Microprocessor Architecture, Programming and Application with 8085. Prentice Hall.
3.Fowler, K. R., (1996). Electronic Instrument Design: Architecting for the Life Cycle. Oxford University Press, Inc.
4.Sawhney, A. K., (1998). A Course in Electronic Measurement and Instrumentation. Dhanpat Rai and Sons.
5.Gupta, J. B., (2008). A Course in Electrical and Electronics Measurement and Instrumentation, Kataria and Sons.
6.DE Silva C. W., Sensors and Actuators: Control System Instrumentation. CRC Press Taylor and French Group Boca Raton London New York.
7.Misra, S., Roy, C. and Mukherjee, A., (2020). Introduction to Industrial Internet of Things and Industry 4.0. CRC Press.

Notes:

This syllabus follows the official BEI curriculum of Tribhuwan University. In case of any doubt or revision, the university's published syllabus shall be considered authoritative. https://ioe.tu.edu.np/pages/electronics-engineering-curriculum-structure-2660

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