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Geographical Information System

A Geographical Information System (GIS) is a framework for gathering, managing, and analyzing data rooted in the science of geography, allowing users to visualize and interpret patterns, relationships, and situations through maps and 3D scenes.

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Geographical Information System

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Course Title: Geographical Information System

Course No: BIT355

Nature of the Course: Theory + Lab

Semester: 6

Full Marks: 60 + 20 + 20

Pass Marks: 24 + 8 + 8

Credit Hours: 3

Course Description

Course Objectives

Course Contents

1. The basics of geographic information system

5 hrs

1.1. Definition of GIS

1.2. GIS Components and Functions

1.3. GIS and Cartography

1.4. Evolution of GIS in Relation to Computational and Information Technology

1.5. Benefits of GIS, GIS Application Areas

1.6. Introduction to Different GIS Software

2. Mapping the Real World with Vector and Raster Data

8 hrs

2.1. Modeling and Representing the Real World

2.2. Vector Data Model

Vector Data Types, Vector Topology and Data Formats

Building Basic Topology

Comparison of Shapefile, Coverage and Geodatabase

Geo-relational and Object-relational Vector Data Models

TIN Data Model

2.3. Raster Data Model

Basic Elements of Raster Data, Raster Data Formats

Georeferencing Imagery

2.4. Creating Vector Data from Digitization

2.5. Map Scale, Precision and Accuracy

2.6. Spatial Resolution and Data Volume

2.7. Vector vs. Raster Data Model

2.8. Map Design and Layout, Map Elements

3. Data Acquisition Techniques in GIS

8 hrs

3.1. Spatial and non-spatial data

3.2. Primary and Secondary Data Capture Techniques

3.3. Concepts of Field Survey for Large Scale Mapping

3.4. Scanning and Digitizing

3.5. Introduction to global navigation Satellite System (GNSS)

3.6. Remote Sensing Technology, Satellite Orbits

3.7. Aerial Photography, Photogrammetry

3.8. Other emerging imaging techniques

3.9. Conversion and Integration of GPS and RS data with GIS

4. Map Projection and Coordinate System

6 hrs

4.1. Concepts of Longitude and Latitude

4.2. Geographic and Projected Coordinate Systems

4.3. Mathematical Model of Earth, Geoid and Ellipsoids

4.4. Horizontal and Vertical Datum

4.5. Changing Projection and Coordinate Systems

4.6. Types of Projection Systems, Projection Parameters

4.7. Working with Map Projection

5. Vector Data Analysis

7 hrs

5.1. Filtering Data using Queries

5.2. Vector Overlay Analysis

5.3. Geoprocessing Functions

5.4. Proximity and Buffer Analysis

5.5. Route Optimization and Shortest Path

5.6. Mapping Non-spatial Data

5.7. Creating ModelBuilder

6. Raster Data Analysis

7 hrs

6.1. Overview of Raster Overlay, Map Algebra, Raster Calculator

6.2. Overlaying Raster

6.3. Introduction to Interpolation and Spatial Autocorrelation

6.4. DEM, Spatial Statistics

6.5. Local Raster Operations, Focal Raster Operations

6.6. Zonal Raster Operations, Global Raster Operations

6.7. Raster Weighted Overlay

6.8. Mosaic and Aggregate tools, Distance Measurement

7. Open GIS and Applications

4 hrs

7.1. Introduction of open concept in GIS

7.2. Open source software for spatial data analysis

7.3. Open Vs Commercial GIS Program

7.4. GIS programming and customization

Python script tools

Customizing QGIS with Python

7.5. Web Based GIS system, Open source GIS data

7.6. Introduction to Google Earth Engine and Applications

7.7. GIS application case studies

Laboratory Works

1.Lab Exercises Covering Course Chapters

Text Books

1.P. Lo and Albert K.W. Yeung, Concepts and Techniques of Geographic Information Systems, Pearson Prentice Hall
2.K. T. Chang, Introduction to geographic information systems. Ninth edition, Boston: McGraw-Hill.
3.Longley, P.A., Goodchild, M.F., Maguire, D.J. and Rhind, D.W., Geographic information systems and science. John Wiley & Sons.
4.ESRI guide to GIS analysis Andy Mitchell, ESRI press, Red lands

Reference Books

1.Huisman, Otto, and Rolf A. de By. "Principles of geographic information systems." ITC Educational Textbook Series 1 (2009): 17.
2.Kerle, Norman, Lucas LF Janssen, and Gerrit C. Huurneman. Principles of remote sensing." ITC, Educational textbook series 2 (2004): 250.
3.Burrough, P. A., McDonnell, R. A., & Lloyd, C. D. (2015). Principles of geographical information systems. Oxford university press.

Notes:

Source:

The course covers about basic concepts of capturing and mapping real world, different spatial data model and structure, modeling and database design, spatial data manipulation, analysis and visualization, overview of open GIS, open source GIS data and application of GIS in different fields for communication and decision making process.

The main objective of this course is to provide students with knowledge of fundamental concepts of geographic information system.

The lab should cover at least the concepts given in the chapters.

This syllabus follows the official BIT curriculum of Tribhuvan University. In case of any doubt or revision, the university’s published syllabus shall be considered authoritative.