Filter Design

Course Title: Filter Design

Course No: ENEX 301

Nature of the Course: Theory + Lab

Semester: 5

Full Marks: 40 + 60 + 25

Pass Marks: 16 + 24 + 8

Credit Hours: 3

Course Description

A comprehensive course on analog filters and their applications, focusing on analog filter circuits and developing skills required to design both passive and active filters based on given specifications.

Course Objectives

To provide a comprehensive understanding of analog filters and their applications. It focuses on analog filter circuits and developing skills required to design both passive and active filters based on given specifications.

Course Contents

1. Introduction

6 hrs9 marks

1.1. Filter, its evolution and importance

1.2. Lowpass, highpass, bandpass, bandstop, allpass, passive and active filters

1.3. Filter response: Ideal (Brick wall) response and practical response

1.4. Filter parameters: Gain, attenuation, passband, stopband and transition band

1.5. Filter transfer function, frequency response, poles, zeros and their roles

1.6. Normalization and de-normalization in filter design

1.7. Impedance (Magnitude) scaling and frequency scaling

2. Approximation Methods

9 hrs12 marks

2.1. Approximation and its importance in filter design

2.2. Low pass approximations methods

2.3. Butterworth approximation

2.4. Chebyshev (Chebyshev type I) approximation

2.5. Inverse Chebyshev (Chebyshev type II) approximation

2.6. Cauer (Elliptic) approximation

2.7. Bessel-Thomson response

2.8. Delay equalization

3. Frequency Transformation

2 hrs9 marks

3.1. Frequency transformation and its importance in filter design

3.2. Low pass to high pass transformation

3.3. Low pass to band pass transformation

3.4. Low pass to band stop transformation

4. Properties and Synthesis of Passive Networks

8 hrs9 marks

4.1. One-port passive circuits

Properties of passive circuits, positive real functions

Properties of lossless function

Synthesis of LC one-port circuits, Foster and Cauer realization

Properties and synthesis of RC one-port circuits

4.2. Two-port passive circuits

Properties of passive two-port circuits, residue condition, transmission zeros

Synthesis of two port LC and RC ladder circuits based on zero shifting by partial removal of a pole

5. Design of Resistively-Terminated Lossless Filters

4 hrs9 marks

5.1. Properties of resistively-terminated lossless ladder circuit, transmission and reflection coefficients

5.2. Synthesis of LC ladder circuits to realize all-pole low pass functions and functions with finite transmission zeros

6. Design of Active Filters

12 hrs15 marks

6.1. First order active filters (Bilinear)

Review of op-amp characteristics

First order active filters using inverting and non-inverting op-amp configurations

6.2. Second order active filters (Biquads)

Tow-Thomas biquad circuit, design of lowpass active filter using Tow-Thomas biquad circuit

Highpass, bandpass, bandstop and allpass filter using Tow-Thomas biquad circuit

Sallen-key biquad circuit

Gain reduction and gain enhancement

RC-CR transformation

6.3. Higher order active filters

Cascade of biquads

Active simulation of passive filters: Using simulated inductor and FDNR; Using Leapfrog simulation of LC ladders

7. Sensitivity

2 hrs6 marks

7.1. Sensitivity and importance of sensitivity analysis

7.2. Single parameter sensitivity

7.3. Centre frequency and Q-factor sensitivity

7.4. Sensitivity of biquads and passive filters

8. Other Filters

2 hrs6 marks

8.1. Switched capacitor filters

8.2. Current mode filters

8.3. Adaptive filters

8.4. Current conveyors

Laboratory Works

Practical sessions covering analysis and design of passive and active filter circuits including Tow-Thomas biquad, Sallen-Key biquad, simulated inductors, FDNR, and Leapfrog simulation techniques. (22.5 Hours)

1.Analysis of passive and active filter circuits
2.Design of passive filters at required frequency with practically realizable values from a normalized filter circuit
3.Design of active filters using Tow-Thomas biquad circuit
4.Design of active filters using Sallen-Key biquad circuit
5.Design of higher order active filters using simulated inductors and FDNR
6.Design of higher order active filters using Leapfrog simulation

Reference Books

1.Raut, R., Swamy, M. N. S. (2010). Modern analog filter analysis and design. Wiley-VCH.
2.Schaumann, R., Van Valkenburg, M. E. (2001). Design of analog filters. Oxford University Press.
3.Su, K. L. (2002). Analog filters. Springer.
4.Chen, W.-K. (2009). Passive, active and digital filters. CRC Press.
5.Thede, L. D. (2004). Practical analog and digital filter design. Artech House.

Notes:

This syllabus follows the official BEI curriculum of Tribhuvan University. In case of any doubt or revision, the university’s published syllabus shall be considered authoritative. https://ioe.tu.edu.np/pages/electronics-engineering-curriculum-structure-2660

Filter Design

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Filter Design

Course Description

Course Objectives

Course Contents

Laboratory Works

Reference Books

Notes: