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Programming in C

C Programming is a foundational programming language that focuses on structured programming and low-level memory management.

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TabFlux . C Programming . TU . BIT

C Programming

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Course Title: C Programming

Course No: BIT102

Nature of the Course: Theory + Lab

Semester: 1

Full Marks: 60 + 20 + 20

Pass Marks: 24 + 8 + 8

Credit Hours: 3

Course Description

Course Objectives

Course Contents

1. Introduction

3 hrs

1.1. History and advantages of C

1.2. Problems analysis, algorithm and flowchart

1.3. Structure of a C Program

1.4. Writing, compiling, debugging, executing and testing a C Program in windows and Unix/Unix like environment

2. Elements of C

3 hrs

2.2. C Character Sets

2.3. Data types, Constants and Variables

2.4. Expression, statements and comments

2.5. Escape sequences and Delimiters

3. Input/output function

2 hrs

3.1. Conversion Specifiers

3.2. I/O functions

3.3. Formatted I/O

4. Operators and Expression

4 hrs

4.1. Arithmetic operators

4.2. Relational operators

4.3. Logical operators

4.4. Assignment operators

4.5. Type conversion in assignment

4.6. Increment and decrement operators

4.7. Ternary operator

4.8. Bitwise operator

4.9. Other operators (comma, sizeof)

4.10. Expression evaluation

4.11. Operator precedence and associativity

5. Control Structures

8 hrs

5.1. Introduction to selection and iterative statements

5.2. GOTO and labels

5.3. Selection statements

if

if..else

if..else if ladder

nested if

switch case

5.4. Conditional operator

5.5. Iterative statement

For Loop

While Loop

Do while Loop

Nested Loop

5.6. The odd loop

5.7. Controlling the loop execution – break and continue

6. Arrays and Strings

5 hrs

6.1. Introduction to Arrays

6.2. Initializing Arrays

6.3. The meaning of array indexing

6.4. One dimensional and Multidimensional Arrays

6.5. String and Basic functions dedicated to string manipulation

6 hrs

7.1. Introduction and types of functions

7.2. Declaring, Defining and calling functions

7.3. Arguments and Return Statement

7.4. Recursive functions

7.5. Function call by value and reference

7.6. Variables' scope, local variables and function parameters

7.7. Arrays as function parameter

7.8. Void as a parameter

7.9. Parameterizing the main function

7.10. External function and variables

7.11. Header files

7.12. Static variables

7.13. Register Variables

8. The C Preprocessor

2 hrs

8.1. Features of C Preprocessor

8.2. Macro Expansion

8.3. Macros with Arguments

8.4. Macros versus Functions

8.5. File Inclusion

8.6. Conditional Compilation

8.7. #if and #elif Directives

8.8. #undef Directive

8.9. #pragma Directive

8.10. The Build Process

Preprocessing

Compiling

Assembling

Linking

Loading

5 hrs

9.1. Introduction of Pointers, declaration and initialization of pointer variables

9.2. An address, a reference, a dereference and the sizeof operator

9.3. Pointer to nothing (NULL)

9.4. Pointer assignment

9.5. Pointer Arithmetic

9.6. Pointer as argument and Pointer as return values

9.7. Pointers vs. arrays

9.8. Dynamic memory allocation

10. Structure and Unions

5 hrs

10.1. Definition of Structure

10.2. Array of structures

10.3. Passing structure and array of structure to function

10.4. Pointers to structures and arrays of structures

10.5. Self-referential structures

10.7. Table Lookup

11. File Handling

2 hrs

11.1. Files vs. streams

11.2. Header files needed for stream operations

11.3. Opening and closing a stream, open modes, errno variable

11.4. Reading and writing to/from a stream

11.5. Predefined streams: stdin, stdout and stderr

11.6. Stream manipulation: fgetc(), fputc(), fgets() and fputs() functions

11.7. Raw input/output: fread() and fwrite() functions

11.8. Random access to files

Laboratory Works

1.Lab exercises for Introduction unit
2.Lab exercises for Elements of C unit
3.Lab exercises for Input/Output function unit
4.Lab exercises for Operators and Expression unit
5.Lab exercises for Control Structures unit
6.Lab exercises for Arrays and Strings unit
7.Lab exercises for Functions unit
8.Lab exercises for The C Preprocessor unit
9.Lab exercises for Pointers unit
10.Lab exercises for Structure and Unions unit
11.Lab exercises for File Handling unit

Text Books

1.Let Us C, Yashavant P. Kanetkar
2.Brian Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie, The C Programming Language
3.Byron Gottfried, Programming with C, McGraw Hill Education

Notes:

Source:

This course familiarizes students with basic principles of programming. It introduces structured programming paradigm using a high level language called C. It covers the concept of problem solving techniques, program design, and basic elements of C along with the detailed concept of operators, statements, arrays, functions, pointers, structures and file handling.

The main objective of this course is to acquaint the students with good program design through structured programming paradigm for developing programs for specific tasks using C Programming Language as well as to present the syntax and semantics of the C language.

Laboratory work emphasizes the verification of programming concepts learned in class. Therefore, each unit should include sufficient practical lab exercise.

This syllabus follows the official BIT curriculum of Tribhuvan University. In case of any doubt or revision, the university’s published syllabus shall be considered authoritative.